"Who can tell the Phases of the Moon?" - Song of Amergin
The Coligny Calendar - Correspondences to the Gregorian calendar
THE CELTIC AGE
samon duman rivros anagantios ogron cvtios || giamon semivisonna eqvos elemivios edrini cantlos
This presentation of the Celtic calendar defines the beginning of the traditional Celtic year based on a single and practical rule:
The first year of the Five Year Cycle begins with the first lunation following the heliacal rise of Saturn, at sunset of the first quarter phase of that moon.
Samon is the beginning of samrad (Samhradh, from *samo- for 'summer') and is the Gaulish version of the first month of summer:
Samon equates to Irish Cétemain, the month of Maytime and Beltaine: cetsoman .i. cetsámsin .i. cétlúd síne samraid.
'May(day), ie companionship of summer of antiquity'.
Giamon equates to Geimhreadh, from *gaimo- for 'winter': Gam quasi gamos isin greic, nouimber. .i. in mí gaim iar samuin
'The month of Gam, or 'Gamos' in the language of trade (Greek), is November'
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| Five Year Cycle example: 2002 to 2006 Refer Legend, below Beginning at the spring equinox at top, the cycle of years over a five year cycle is shown. The year commences in the Maytime (the Beltaine 'rebirth'), and there is a structural mirror-symmetry of month length centred on the winter cross-quarter (the Samhain 'veil') |
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| Legend Yellow months are Matus (30 days) Blue months are Anmatus (29 days); Piebald Eqvos year 1 due to attested 30 day period but is an anmatus month; Intercalary months: green; The first half of the month is lighter, the atenoux half darker; First-quarter moon phase: orange (as viewed at sunset, Lugdunum/Lyon and not greater than 52% illuminated on Gregorian date); The equinoxes and solstices: green day lines; Solar Cross-quarters: red day lines; Trinox samoni: blue days; Roman Lemuria: purple day line; Note gap in February: due to absence of Feb 29 in Gregorian years; Refer text for further details. |
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The Context of Celtic 2011
A daily calendar of correspondences to the relevant months of Gregorian year 2011 is presented below, with the individual months selectable from the menu at right. Comparing the Celtic calendar to the Gregorian calendar assists in its understanding, as the seasonal progression through the Gregorian year is familiar to us due to its use today. We can superimpose our observation of the moon's phases on the calendar dates and then meet the days in the traditional Celtic manner. We also are able to follow the passage of the five year cycle, and discover the operation of the intercalary months.
Because the Celtic calendar is based on the lunar cycle, so that a month is a lunation (unlike our Gregorian calendar that ignores the moon's cycle) is is important to describe how the start date of Samon 1 corresponding to April 10, 2011 is arrived at.
At left is a year-long comparison of the years in a Celtic five year cycle, where the forward and backward shift of the year in relation to the sun is shown over five years (2002 - 2006). Below is an age-long comparison of the first month Samon in a Celtic 30 year age, where the overall progress by a single lunation is shown. Together, these help contextualise the position of Celtic year 2011: it is the final year of the second five year cycle; and is followed by an intercalary month.
In order to follow a calendar of correspondences, the beginning of the cycles is required. This is obtained by reference to the ancient sources, supported by the Early Irish Glossaries and Irish and Welsh mythologies. The year 2002 is shown in this interpretation of the Celtic calendar to commence a 30 year age, as this is the year of Saturn's heliacal rise in Taurus. This is based on on the dialogue of Plutarch from around AD75 that described a tradition known from Demetrius of Tarsus, who had recently returned from Britain: "Now when at intervals of thirty years the star of Cronus...enters the sign of the Bull...those who have served the god together for thirty years return home" in combination with Pliny the Elder's Natural History (17.95), compiled in AD55-79, who writes of the Gaulish Druids and specifies the first quarter moon as "the beginning of their months and years, as also of their ages, which, with them, are but thirty years".
This then identifies/defines/reveals the start of the current Celtic age as 2002. The example cycle AD2002-2006 displayed is the first five year cycle of the current 30 year age (there are 6 cycles per age).Samon in year 1 commenced at sunset on Gregorian date April 19, 2002. Showing all the months of the five year cycle allows observation of the Celtic calendar's mechanics, where each year commences relatively ten days earlier sunwise, with an intercalary in the middle of year 3 adjusts the calendar forward. The following (and current) cycle commences five days advanced sunwise compared to the cycle shown with respect to Samon, with an intercalary month prior. The solstice-ward progression of the start of the five year cycles is shown on the figure below, where a complete age's Samon months are shown relative to each other, Beltaine (May 1st), the Solar Cross quarter date (6th May), Christian Easter and Roman Lemuria.
Sunset on the first quarter moon of April, 2002.
Saturn is located within the constellation of Taurus by the bright star Aldebaran,
and the other visible planets arrayed. Screenshot display using CyberSky4.
The Luni-Solar Calendar
In 2007 when the current five year cycle commenced, Samon corresponded with April 25 to May 24. In 2008, Samon was relatively earlier and corresponded to April 13 to May 12. In 2009, the third year, Samon has fallen further back, corresponding to April 2 to May 1. By including the intercalary month in year 3, the Celtic calendar restores Samon of 2010, the fourth year, to April 21 to May 20, bringing the year to a very similar position in the solar cycle as year one. The fifth year of the cycle, 2011, begins earlier again, April 10 to May 9. By the start of the next year, 2012 the first year of the next five year cycle, the other intercalary month is introduced prior to Samon, so that Samon corresponds to April 30 to May 30.
Celtic months are representations of actual lunations, and therefore the twelve months total a period some ten days short of the solar year. This shortfall of days compared to the solar cycle would lead to the timing of the months on any year being ten days or so earlier than in the previous year.
The Celtic calendar keeps aligned all the while to lunations, and over periods of cycles and ages to the sun. To remove the shortfall of days with the sun, two 30 day intercalary months push forward the subsequent months by a lunation. This maintains the months in line with the Sun and the seasons.
Year three commences about 20 days earlier in the solar cycle than year one; the included intercalary month makes it a total of thirteen months long, so year four commences close to the same solar date as year one. Year one of cycles 2-6 is preceded by an intercalary month also, functioning in the same manner.
These adjustments of regular inclusions after every 30 lunations in an age of an additional month to make up for the shortfall of days in a year compared to the solar year leads to a surplus of days each cycle: In each cycle a 5 days solstice-wise advance occurs, adding up to one lunation over the full age. This makes the intercalary year 1 cycle 1 unnecessary, and the start date of the ages is stable, shown by comparison to the age commencing April 20, AD58. (So in the figure at left the intercalary displayed prior to year 1 of the initial cycle is not in fact used, but the intercalary month is used in cycles 2-6 of the 30 year age).
The Celtic calendar inscription tells us directly that this methodology is used: Inscribed in the preamble to the second intercalary month reads: "CIALLOS B[V]IS SONNO CINGOS AMMAN.M.MXIII [...]LAT.CCCLXXXV [..B]ANTARAN M", which is understandable as 'Sense pair for the Sun's progression - a period of 13 months made of 385 days in a year with an intercalary month' (see Introduction).
The intercalary months are introduced to allow the calendar to catch up with the solar cycle, but the cumulative effect is to produce a five year cycle some 5 or 6 days longer than five solar years. Every five year cycle moves slightly forward so that after the age has completed, the calendar does not require an intercalary month at its very start.
This presentation states that Samon is equivalent to the month of May, such that Samon and Cétemain are to be identified, both corresponding to the first month of the Celtic summer. However, as can be seen by the backward creep of the calendar compared to the solar cycle, in year 3 Samon is at its earliest and esentially corresponds to April, so more general term can be used: Samon corresponds to the Maytime. This has very important implications to considerations of the usurping of Beltaine in favour of Easter by Patrick in AD433, because as can be seen in this calendar of correspondences, in 2009 and 2011 Easter and the trinox samoni very closely coincide, and the fires for both feasts would have been lit, so the assumed apocryphal story of Patrick and the usurping of Beltaine is shown in reality to be plausible.
Mids SAMON Matus - 2011 the first month
G. Samon equiv. I. Samhradh corresp. Beltaine: transl. 'Summer'
cetsoman .i. cetsámsin .i. cétlúd síne samraid:
'May(day), ie companionship of summer of antiquity'
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Apr10 FQ IVOS |
Apr11 IVOS |
Apr12 IVOS |
Apr13 IVOS |
Apr14 | Apr15 | Apr16 | Apr17 FM |
Apr18 | Apr19 | Apr20 | Apr21 | Apr22 | Apr23 | Apr24 Paschal |
First QuarterApril 10, 2011 At zenith at sunset |
Full MoonApril 17, 2011 Eastern horizon |
Last QuarterApril 25, 2011 At nadir at sunset |
New MoonMay 3, 2011 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Apr25 LQ |
PRINO SAMON | Apr27 | Apr28 | Apr29 | Apr30 MayEve |
May1 Beltaine |
May2 | May3 NM INIS |
May4 | May5 SolarCQ |
May6 | May7 | May8 | May9 |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SIMI | EQV | ELEM | EDR | CANT |
Etymology
Gaulish Samon - summer
I. Céitemain - cétsoman:
cetsámsin .i. cétlúd síne samraid
'May(day), ie companionship of summer of antiquity'
I. Samhradh - Summer season
EI. Samrad, sam - summer
W. Haf - cognate of I. Sam-
Indo-E: *samo- summer
Sanskrit sámâ 'year'
"The Fena divided the year in two. During the first half, from Bealtine to Samhain, they hunted each day with their dogs"
- 16th Century Irish tale The Pursuit of Giolla Dacker and his Horse
Samon date correspondencesYear 1: April 24 - May 23, 2007
Year 2: April 13 - May 12, 2008
Year 3: April 2 - May 1, 2009
Year 4: April 21 - May 20, 2010
Year 5: April 10 - May 9, 2011
Sunset at Lyon, 10th April 2011 at the opening of Year 5 of the current Five year cycle. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
Mids DUMAN Anmatus - 2011 the second month
G. Duman equiv. I. Doman corresp. early summer: transl. 'The World'
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| May10 FQ PR.LOVD |
May11 | May12 | May13 | PRINNI LAG | May15 | May16 | May17 FM |
May18 | May19 | May20 | May21/td> | May22 | May23 | May24 |
|
First Quarter May 10, 2011 At zenith at sunset |
Full Moon May 17, 2011 Eastern horizon |
Last Quarter May 25, 2011 At nadir at sunset |
New Moon June 1, 2011 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| May25 LQ |
May26 | May27 | May28 | May29 | May30 | May31 | Jun1 NM |
Jun2 | Jun3 | Jun4 | Jun5 | Jun6 | Jun7 FQ |
noday divertomv |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SIMI | EQV | ELEM | EDR | CANT |
Etymology
Gaulish Dumno- the world
G. Dumnorix - World King:
I. Domhnall; W. Dyfnual
Celtic dubno- world, the deep
I. Domhan OI. Domun
- the Universe, all
I. Domhain OI. Domain deep
W. Dyfr I. Dobhar water
Indo-E: *dheub- the deep
"I invoke the land of Éire: much coursed by the fertile sea
Tara of the hill of the tribes - I invoke the land of Éire."
- Amairgen, first Druid of the Gaels: Leabhar Gabhála, 11th Century
Duman date correspondencesYear 1: May 25 - June 22, 2007
Year 2: May 13 - June 10, 2008
Year 3: May 2 - May 30, 2009
Year 4: May 21 - June 18, 2010
Year 5: May 10 - June 7, 2011
Sunset at Lyon, 10th May 2011, the first-quarter moon for Duman 2011. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
Mids RIUROS Matus - 2011 the third month
G. Riuros equiv. I. Rí-, W. Rig- + -Ur- corresp. solsticial summer: transl. 'The New King'
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Jun8 FQ IVOS |
PRIN.LOVD IVOS |
Jun10 IVOS |
Jun11 BRIG |
Jun12 INIS |
Jun13 | Jun14 | Jun15 FM |
Jun16 | Jun17 | Jun18 INIS |
Jun19 | Jun20 DEVORLVG |
Jun21 solstice |
Jun22 |
|
First Quarter June 8, 2011 At zenith at sunset |
Full Moon June 15, 2011 Eastern horizon |
Last Quarter June 23, 2011 At nadir at sunset |
New Moon July 1, 2011 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Jun23 LQ |
Jun24 | Jun25 | Jun26 | Jun27 | Jun28 | Jun29 | Jun30 | July1 NM |
July2 PETIVX |
July3 IVOS |
July4 IVOS |
July5 IVOS |
July6 IVOS |
July7 FQ IVOS |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SIMI | EQV | ELEM | EDR | CANT |
Etymology
Gaulish -rix king
Lat. rex - king:
I. rígh, OI.rí
W. rhi, king, ruler
I. núadh new
I. ùr - new, fresh
OI. úr EI. húrde
W. ir fresh, green
Indo-E. *ûro-s pure
"I know well who the youth is:
He is Lugh, the Samíldánach!"
- The Fate of the Children of Turenn, Book of Lecan, 15th century
Riuros date correspondencesYear 1: June 23- July 22, 2007
Year 2: June 11 - July 10, 2008
Year 3: May 31 - Jun 29, 2009
Year 4: June 19 - July 18, 2010
Year 5: June 8 - July 7, 2011
Sunset at Lyon, 8th June 2011, the first-quarter moon for Riuros 2011. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
Mids ANAGANTIOS Anmatus - 2011 the fourth month
G. Anagantios equiv. I. Ingantach corresp. Lughnasa: transl. 'Unwonted'
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| July8 | July9 | July10 | July11 OCIOMV |
July12 INIS |
July13 PRIN.LAG |
July14 FM |
July15 | July16 | July17 | July18 | July19 | July20 | July21 | July22 |
|
First Quarter July 7, 2011 At zenith at sunset |
Full Moon July 14, 2011 Eastern horizon |
Last Quarter July 23, 2011 At nadir at sunset |
New Moon July 30, 2011 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| July23 LQ |
July24 | July25 | July26 | July27 | July28 INIS |
July29 | July30 NM |
July31 Aug Eve |
Aug1 Lughnasadh |
Aug2 | Aug3 | Aug4 | Aug5 FQ |
noday divertomv |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SIMI | EQV | ELEM | EDR | CANT |
Etymology
I. ingantach - wonderful:
in-gnáth - 'not wont':
ion- (neg. prefix) + gnáth
I. gnáth, W. gnawd -
custom, usual: root gnô, gnâ, gen, 'know'
I. mearganta - brisk, lively
(mear: merry)
I. anagna, ana-gnáth unusual
W. asanghlywedig: unusual
ana-, 'not' conv. to in- before g
"At this time a great fair-meeting was held by the king of Ireland, Nuada of the Silver Hand"
- The Fate of the Children of Turenn, Book of Lecan, 15th century
Anagantios date correspondencesYear 1: July 23 - August 20, 2007
Year 2: July 11 - August 8, 2008
Year 3: Jun 30 - July 28, 2009
Year 4: July 19 - August 16, 2010
Year 5: July 8 - August 5, 2011
Sunset at Lyon, 7th July 2011, the first-quarter moon for Anagantios 2011. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
Mids OGRON Matus - 2011 the fifth month
G. Ogron eqiv. W. Oer corresp. early autumn: transl. 'Colder'
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Aug6 | Aug7 Solar CQ |
Aug8 PRIN.LOVD |
Aug9 | Aug10 INIS |
Aug11 | Aug12 FM |
Aug13 | Aug14 | Aug15 | Aug16 | Aug17 | Aug18 | Aug19 | Aug20 |
|
First Quarter August 5, 2011 At zenith at sunset |
Full Moon August 12, 2011 Eastern horizon |
Last Quarter August 22, 2011 At nadir at sunset |
New Moon August 29, 2011 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Aug21 LQ |
Aug22 | Aug23 | Aug24 | Aug25 | Aug26 | Aug27 | Aug28 | Aug29 NM |
Aug30 | Aug31 INIS |
Sept1 | Sept2 | Sept3 | Sept4 FQ |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SIMI | EQV | ELEM | EDR | CANT |
Etymology
I. fuar - cold EI. uar
W. oer - cold Corn. oir
Celt. stem *ogro- cold
I. fuarálach, chill
I. fuachd OI. uacht, ócht cold
"Song is no use - coldest omen - summer's bard is banned
When autumn comes I ask Alas, where is summer?"
- Dafydd ap Gwilym: 'Summer', Mid fourteenth century
Ogron date correspondencesYear 1: August 21 - September 19, 2007
Year 2: August 9 - September 7, 2008
Year 3: July 29 - August 27, 2009
Year 4: August 17 - September 15, 2010
Year 5: August 6 - September 4, 2011
Sunset at Lyon, 5th August 2011, the first-quarter moon for Ogron 2011. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
Mids CUTIOS Matus - 2011 the sixth month
G. Cutios eqiv. W. Cuddio corresp. autumnal equinox: transl. 'Conceal'
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Sept5 | Sept6 | Sept7 | Sept8 PRIN.LOVD |
Sept9 INIS |
Sept10 | Sept11 FM |
Sept12 | Sept13 INIS |
Sept14 | Sept15 | Sept16 | Sept17 | Sept18 | Sept19 |
|
First Quarter September 4, 2011 At zenith at sunset |
Full Moon September 11, 2011 Eastern horizon |
Last Quarter September 20, 2011 At nadir at sunset |
New Moon September 27, 2011 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Sept20 LQ |
Sept21 | Sept22 | Sept23 INIS eqnx |
Sept24 | Sept25 INIS |
Sept26 | Sept27 NM |
Sept28 | Sept29 | Sept30 | Oct1 | Oct2 | Oct3 FQ |
Oct4 |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SEMI | EQU | ELEM | AED | CANT |
Etymology
EW. cuddyaw, cuddio - to cover
W. cuddio- to hide
W. caeadau - a cover
Indo-E. *[s]-keu - to cover
keu, ku : hence I. cuaran
a covering for the foot and leg
"Obtain the Birds of Rhiannon, they that wake the dead
and lull the living to sleep"
- From the tasks set before Culhwch by Chief Giant Ysbaddaden, Tenth Century Wales
Cutios date correspondencesYear 1: September 20 - October 19, 2007
Year 2: September 8 - October 7, 2008
Year 3: August 28 - September 26, 2009
Year 4: September 16 - October 15, 2010
Year 5: September 5 - October 4, 2011
Sunset at Lyon, 4th September 2011, the first-quarter moon for Cutios 2011. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
Mids GIAMON Anmatus - 2011 the seventh month
G. Giamon equiv. I. Mí Gam, Gaimred, W. Gaem corresp. Samhain: transl. 'Winter'
gam quasi gamos isin greic, nouimber .i. in mí gaim iar samuin
Mí Gam, November, follows summer-end, and rendered Gamos in the language of trade
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Oct5 | Oct6 | Oct7 | Oct8 | Oct9 | Oct10 | Oct11 FM PRIN. LAG |
Oct12 | Oct13 SIND.IVOS |
Oct14 | Oct15 | Oct16 | Oct17 | Oct18 | Oct19 |
|
First Quarter October 3, 2011 At zenith at sunset |
Full Moon October 10, 2011 Eastern horizon |
Last Quarter October 20, 2011 At nadir at sunset |
New Moon October 26, 2011 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Oct20 LQ |
Oct21 | Oct22 | Oct23 | Oct24 | Oct25 | Oct26 NM |
Oct27 Solar CQ |
Oct28 | Oct29 | Oct30 | Oct31 Nov.Eve |
Nov1 Samhain |
Nov2 FQ |
noday divertomv |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SIMI | EQV | ELEM | EDR | CANT |
Etymology
I. Geimhreadh - Winter
W. Gaeaf - Winter
*giamo-, winter
EI. gemred OI. gaimred
OW. gaem
I. gamhainn: a year old calf
that is, a winter old
Samuin, sam+fuin: 'summer sunset'
Samhuinn, samain - assembly, as in
samhuil 'alike' *samani
"I wish, said the king, to know my destiny, and that of my
country, from this night till this night twelvemonths"
- The Expedition of Dathi, set in fifth century Ireland
Giamon date correspondencesYear 1: October 20 - November 17, 2007
Year 2: October 8 - November 5, 2008
Year 3: October 27 - November 24, 2009
Year 4: October 16 - November 13, 2010
Year 5: October 5 - November 2, 2011
Sunset at Lyon, 3rd October 2011, the first-quarter moon for Giamon 2011. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
Mids SIMIUIS Matus - 2011 the eighth month
G. Simiuisonna equiv. I. root Sem- -Uis- corresp. early winter: transl. 'The Source'
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Nov3 PRIN.LAG |
Nov4 | Nov5 | Nov6 | Nov7 INIS |
Nov8 | Nov9 TIOCBR |
Nov10 FM |
Nov11 SIND.IVOS |
Nov12 | Nov13 | Nov14 | Nov15 | Nov16 | Nov17 |
|
First Quarter November 2, 2011 At zenith at sunset |
Full Moon November 10, 2011 Eastern horizon |
Last Quarter November 18, 2011 At nadir at sunset |
New Moon November 25, 2011 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Nov18 LQ |
Nov19 | Nov20 | Nov21 | Nov22 | Nov23 | Nov24 | Nov25 NM |
Nov26 | Nov27 | Nov28 | Nov29 | Nov30 | Dec1 | Dec2 FQ |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SIMI | EQV | ELEM | EDR | CANT |
Etymology
Semi- to flow
I. root sem, let go, from sê
Lat. simpulum, ladle
'pour out' (= to-ess-sem-im)
I. uisge OI. uisce - water
*ud-s-kio water
W. wysg, stream
Old Welsh uisc
Uisnech - Navel of Ireland
"Beside the fountain is a marble slab and a silver bowl fastened
by a silver chain. Take up the bowl and pour the water"
- Lady of the Fountain, White Book of Rhydderch, Fourteenth Century Wales
Simiuisonna date correspondencesYear 1: November 18 - December 17, 2007
Year 2: November 6 - December 5, 2008
Year 3: November 25 - December 24, 2009
Year 4: November 14 - December 13, 2010
Year 5: November 3 - December 2, 2011
Sunset at Lyon, 2nd November 2011, the first-quarter moon for Simiuisonna 2011. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
Mids EQVOS Anmatus - 2011 the ninth month
G. Eqvos equiv. C. *Ekwvo-s, I. Ech corresp. solsticial winter: transl. 'Horse'
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Dec3 | Dec4 PRIN.LAG |
Dec5 | Dec6 | Dec7 | Dec8 | Dec9 | Dec10 PRIN.LAG |
Dec11 | Dec12 | Dec13 | Dec14 | Dec15 | Dec16 | Dec17 |
|
First Quarter December 1, 2011 At zenith at sunset |
Full Moon December 10, 2011 Eastern horizon |
Last Quarter December 18, 2011 At nadir at sunset |
New Moon December 25, 2011 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Dec18 LQ |
Dec19 | Dec20 | Dec21 Solstice/FM |
Dec22 | Dec23 | Dec24 NM |
Dec25 | Dec26 | Dec27 | Dec28 | Dec29 | Dec30 | Dec31 FQ |
noday divertomv |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SIMI | EQV | ELEM | EDR | CANT |
Etymology
I. ech
W. ebol
G. Epo-
Horse, colt: *ekwvo-s;
Latin equus
Indo-E. *peku- herds
EI. icht, progeny
from *pektus root pek
MI. óc-ech, young steed
"Echu Airem sent messengers to every province of Eriu to seek the fairest woman in the land"
- Tochmarc Etain, Yellow Book of Lecan, c.1391-1401
Eqvos date correspondencesYear 1: December 18 - January 15, 2008
Year 2: December 6 - January 3, 2009
Year 3: December 25 - January 22, 2010
Year 4: December 14 - January 11, 2011
Year 5: December 3 - December 31, 2011
Sunset at Lyon, 1st December 2011, the first-quarter moon for Eqvos 2011. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
Mids ELEMBIVOS Anmatus - 2011/12 the tenth month
G. Elembivos equiv. I. ailim + *bivo-s corresp. Imbolg: transl. 'Nurturing Life'
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Jan1 IVOS |
Jan2 IVOS |
PRIN.LAG IVOS |
Jan4 IVOS |
Jan5 | Jan6 | Jan7 | Jan8 FM |
Jan9 | Jan10 INIS |
Jan11 | Jan12 | Jan13 | Jan14 | Jan15 |
|
First Quarter December 31, 2011 At zenith at sunset |
Full Moon January 8, 2012 Eastern horizon |
Last Quarter January 16, 2012 At nadir at sunset |
New Moon January 23, 2012 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Jan16 LQ |
Jan17 | Jan18 | Jan19 | Jan20 | Jan21 | Jan22 | Jan23 NM |
Jan24 | SIND IVOS |
Jan26 | Jan27 | Jan28 | Jan29 | noday divertomv |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SIMI | EQV | ELEM | EDR | CANT |
Etymology
Indo-E. *bivo-s, living
W. byw - living
I, OI. beó - living
Lat. vîvus - living
stem: al, el - nourish
I. ailim - rear, educate
I. oilim - rear, bring up
M.I. oilemain - nurture
"Brigit was born at sunrise, and bathed in milk, her breath revives the dead; a fiery pillar rises over her head;"
- The Book of Lismore, fifteenth century Ireland
Elembivos date correspondencesYear 1: January 16 - February 13, 2008
Year 2: January 4 - February 1, 2009
Year 3: January 23 - February 20, 2010
Year 4: January 12 - February 9, 2011
Year 5: January 1 - January 29, 2012
Sunset at Lyon, the evening of 31st December 2011, the first-quarter moon for Elembivos 2011/12. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
Mids EDRINI Matus - 2011/12 the eleventh month
G. Edrini equiv. I. Aedh corresp. early spring: transl. 'Warmer'
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Jan30 FQ IVOS |
Jan31 IVOS |
Imbolg IVOS |
Feb2 | Feb3 SolarCQ |
Feb4 | Feb5 | Feb6 | Feb7 FM |
Feb8 | Feb9 | Feb10 | Feb11 | Feb12 | Feb13 |
|
First Quarter January 30, 2012 At zenith at sunset |
Full Moon February 7, 2012 Eastern horizon |
Last Quarter February 14, 2012 At nadir at sunset |
New Moon February 22, 2012 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Feb14 LQ |
Feb15 | Feb16 | Feb17 | Feb18 | Feb19 | Feb20 | Feb21 | Feb22 NM |
Feb23 SIND.IVOS |
Feb24 | Feb25 | Feb26 | Feb27 | Feb28 |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SIMI | EQV | ELEM | EDR | CANT |
"So place the two on either hand, like the love that bound me -
Aedh as close before my face and twine their arms around me"
- The fate of the Children of Lir
Edrini date correspondencesYear 1: February 14 - March 14, 2008
Year 2: February 2 - March 3, 2009
Year 3: February 21 - March 22, 2010
Year 4: February 10 - March 11, 2011
Year 5: January 30 - February 28, 2012
Sunset at Lyon, the evening of 30th January 2012, the first-quarter moon for Edrini 2011/12. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
Mids CANTLOS Anmatus - 2011/12 the twelfth month
G. Cantlos eqiv. I. W. Canu corresp. spring equinox transl. 'Songs'
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Feb29 FQ |
Mar1 | Mar2 | Mar3 PRIN.LAG |
Mar4 | Mar5 | Mar6 | Mar7 | Mar8 FM |
Mar9 | Mar10 | Mar11 | Mar12 | Mar13 | Mar14 TIOCBR |
|
First Quarter February 29, 2012 At zenith at sunset |
Full Moon March 8, 2012 Eastern horizon |
Last Quarter March 15, 2012 At nadir at sunset |
New Moon March 23, 2012 Western horizon |
| I | II | III | IIII | V | VI | VII | VIII | VIIII | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIIII | XV |
| Mar15 LQ |
Mar16 | Mar17 | Mar18 INIS |
Mar19 | Mar20 Vern.equinox |
Mar21 | Mar22 | Mar23 NM |
Mar24 | Mar25 | Mar26 | Mar27 IVOS |
Mar28.NYEve IVOS |
noday divertomv |
| SAMHRADH - SAMON - SUMMER | GEIMHREADH - GIAMON - WINTER | ||||||||||
| SAM | DUM | RIUR | ANAG | OGR | CUT | GIAM | SIMI | EQV | ELEM | EDR | CANT |
Etymology
W. can sing
W. canu,
EW. cant - celebrate in song
I. canu - song
I. canaim W. cana - sing
OI. canim - sing
Celtic *cantla- to sing
Latin cano, sing
I. caint - speech
"The blackbird sings a loud strain,
To him the live wood is a heritage"
- Song of Summer - Kuno Meyer, Four Old-Irish Songs
Cantlos date correspondencesYear 1: March 15 - April 12, 2008
Year 2: March 4 - April 1, 2009
Year 3: March 23 - April 20, 2010
Year 4: March 12 - April 9, 2011
Year 5: March 1 - March 30, 2012
Sunset at Lyon, 29th February 2012, the first-quarter moon for Cantlos 2011/12. Screenshot taken from CyberSky, sunset local time Lyon, France.
The Celtic Calendar 2002 - 2011 using the Gaulish Calendar
2007
Year One of Cycle 2
I. Summer Series of Months
CIALLOS (Intercal)
Mar 25 - Apr 23, 2007
FQ Mar 25 (50)
SAMON Mat
Apr 24 - May 23, 2007
FQ Apr 23 (44)
DVMAN Anm
May 24 - Jun 21, 2007
FQ May 23 (49)
RIVROS Mat
Jun 22- Jul 21, 2007
FQ Jun 22 (52)
ANAGAN Anm
Jul 22 - Aug 19, 2007
FQ Jul 21 (45)
OGRON Mat
Aug 20 - Sep 18, 2007
FQ Aug 20 (47)
CVTIOS Mat
Sep 19 - Oct 18, 2007
FQ Sep 19 (50)
II. Winter Series of Months
GIAMON Anm
Oct 19 - Nov 16, 2007
FQ Oct 19 (54)
SIMIVIS Mat
Nov 17 - Dec 16, 2007
FQ Nov 17 (48)
EQVOS Anm29
Dec 17 - Jan 14, 2008
FQ Dec 17 (53)
ELEMBIV Anm
Jan 15 - Feb 12, 2008
FQ Jan 15 (49)
EDRINI Mat
Feb 13 - Mar 13, 2008
FQ Feb 13 (45)
CANTLOS Anm
Mar 14 - Apr 11, 2008
FQ Mar 14 (53)
2002
Year One of Cycle 1
I. Summer Series of Months
[CIALLOS (Intercal)
Omitted Year 1
of Cycle 1]
SAMON Mat
Apr 19 - May 18, 2002
FQ Apr 20 (52)
DVMAN Anm
May 19 - Jun 16, 2002
FQ May 19 (49)
RIVROS Mat
Jun 17 - Jul 16, 2002
FQ Jun 17 (47)
ANAGAN Anm
Jul 17 - Aug 14, 2002
FQ Jul 16 (45)
OGRON Mat
Aug 15 - Sep 13, 2002
FQ Aug 15 (53)
CVTIOS Mat
Sep 14 - Oct 13, 2002
FQ Sep 13 (50)
II. Winter Series of Months
GIAMON Anm
Oct 14 - Nov 11, 2002
FQ Oct 13 (55)
SIMIVIS Mat
Nov 12 - Dec 11, 2002
FQ Nov 11 (49)
EQVOS Anm(30)
Dec 12 - Jan 10, 2003
FQ Dec 11 (51)
ELEMBIV Anm
Jan 11 - Feb 8, 2003
FQ Jan 10 (52)
EDRINI Mat
Feb 9 - Mar 10, 2003
FQ Feb 9 (52)
CANTLOS Anm
Mar 11 - Apr 8, 2003
FQ Mar 10 (44)
2008
Year Two of Cycle 2
I. Summer Series of Months
SAMON Mat
Apr 12 - May 11, 2008
FQ Apr 12 (49)
DVMAN Anm
May 12 - Jun 9, 2008
FQ May 11 (45)
RIVROS Mat
Jun 10 - Jul 9, 2008
FQ Jun 10 (51)
ANAGAN Anm
Jul 10 - Aug 7, 2008
FQ Jul 9 (45)
OGRON Mat
Aug 8 - Sep 6, 2008
FQ Aug 8 (49)
CVTIOS Mat
Sep 7 - Oct 6, 2008
FQ Sep 7 (51)
II. Winter Series of Months
GIAMON Anm
Oct 7 - Nov 4, 2008
FQ Oct 7 (53)
SEMIVIS Mat
Nov 5 - Dec 4, 2008
FQ Nov 5 (46)
EQVOS Anm30
Dec 5 - Jan 3, 2009
FQ Dec 5 (48)
ELEMBIV Anm
Jan 4 - Feb 1, 2009
FQ Jan 4 (52)
EDRINI Mat
Feb 2 - Mar 3, 2009
FQ Feb 2 (47)
CANTLOS Anm
Mar 4 - Apr 1, 2009
FQ Mar 4 (55)
2003
Year Two of Cycle 1
I. Summer Series of Months
SAMON Mat
Apr 9 - May 8, 2003
FQ Apr 9 (47)
DVMAN Anm
May 9 - Jun 6, 2003
FQ May 9 (52)
RIVROS Mat
Jun 7 - Jul 6, 2003
FQ Jun 7 (49)
ANAGAN Anm
Jul 7 - Aug 4, 2003
FQ Jul 6 (46)
OGRON Mat
Aug 5 - Sep 3, 2003
FQ Aug 4 (43)
CVTIOS Mat
Sep 4 - Oct 3, 2003
FQ Sep 3 (52)
II. Winter Series of Months
GIAMON Anm
Oct 4 - Nov 1, 2003
FQ Oct 2 (49)
SIMIVIS Mat
Nov 2 - Dec 1, 2003
FQ Oct 31 (45)
EQVOS Anm(29)
Dec 2 - Dec 30, 2003
FQ Nov 30 (50)
ELEMBIV Anm
Dec 31 - Jan 28, 2004
FQ Dec 30 (50)
EDRINI Mat
Jan 29 - Feb 27, 2004
FQ Jan 28 (45)
CANTLOS Anm
Feb 28 - Mar 27, 2004
FQ Feb 27 (46)
2009
Year Three of Cycle 2
I. Summer Series of Months
SAMON Mat
Apr 2 - May 1, 2009
FQ Apr 2 (51)
DVMAN Anm
May 2 - May 30, 2009
FQ May 1 (48)
RIVROS Mat
May 31 - Jun 29, 2009
FQ May 30 (45)
ANAGAN Anm
Jun 30 - Jul 28, 2009
FQ Jun 29 (53)
OGRON Mat
Jul 29 - Aug 27, 2009
FQ Jul 28 (48)
CVTIOS Mat
Aug 28 - Sep 26, 2009
FQ Aug 27 (52)
II. Winter Series of Months
CIALLOS (Intercal) Mat
Sep 27 - Oct 26, 2009
FQ Sep 26 (55)
GIAMON Anm
Oct 27 - Nov 24, 2009
FQ Oct 25 (47)
SEMIVIS Mat
Nov 25 - Dec 24, 2009
FQ Nov 24 (48)
EQVOS Anm29
Dec 25 - Jan 22, 2010
FQ Dec 24 (50)
ELEMBIV Anm
Jan 23 - Feb 20, 2010
FQ Jan 23 (53)
EDRINI Mat
Feb 21 - Mar 22, 2010
FQ Feb 21 (47)
CANTLOS Anm
Mar 23 - Apr 20, 2010
FQ Mar 23 (53)
2004
Year Three of Cycle 1
I. Summer Series of Months
SAMON Mat
Mar 28 - Apr 26, 2004
FQ Mar 28 (47)
DVMAN Anm
Apr 27 - May 25, 2004
FQ Apr 27 (50)
RIVROS Mat
May 26 - Jun 24, 2004
FQ May 26 (44)
ANAGAN Anm
Jun 25 - Jul 23, 2004
FQ Jun 25 (49)
OGRON Mat
Jul 24 - Aug 22, 2004
FQ Jul 24 (45)
CVTIOS Mat
Aug 23 - Sep 21, 2004
FQ Aug 23 (53)
II. Winter Series of Months
CIALLOS (Intercal) Mat
Sep 22 - Oct 21, 2004
FQ Sep 21 (51)
GIAMON Anm
Oct 22 - Nov 19, 2004
FQ Oct 20 (48)
SIMIVIS Mat
Nov 20 - Dec 19, 2004
FQ Nov 19 (55)
EQVOS Anm(29)
Dec 20 - Jan 17, 2005
FQ Dec 18 (50)
ELEMBIV Anm
Jan 18 - Feb 15, 2005
FQ Jan 17 (54)
EDRINI Mat
Feb 16 - Mar 17, 2005
FQ Feb 15 (47)
CANTLOS Anm
Mar 18 - Apr 15, 2005
FQ Mar 17 (49)
2010
Year Four of Cycle 2
I. Summer Series of Months
SAMON Mat
Apr 21 - May 20, 2010
FQ Apr 21 (50)
DVMAN Anm
May 21 - Jun 18, 2010
FQ May 20 (47)
RIVROS Mat
Jun 19 - Jul 18, 2010
FQ Jun 18 (45)
ANAGAN Anm
Jul 19 - Aug 16, 2010
FQ Jul 18 (53)
OGRON Mat
Aug 17 - Sep 15, 2010
FQ Aug 16 (50)
CVTIOS Mat
Sep 16 - Oct 15, 2010
FQ Sep 15 (55)
II. Winter Series of Months
GIAMON Anm
Oct 16 - Nov 13, 2010
FQ Oct 14 (48)
SEMIVIS Mat
Nov 14 - Dec 13, 2010
FQ Nov 13 (50)
EQVOS Anm29
Dec 14 - Jan 11, 2011
FQ Dec 13 (51)
ELEMBIV Anm
Jan 12 - Feb 9, 2011
FQ Jan 12 (52)
EDRINI Mat
Feb 10 - Mar 11, 2011
FQ Feb 10 (44)
CANTLOS Anm
Mar 12 - Apr 9, 2011
FQ Mar 12 (47)
2005
Year Four of Cycle 1
I. Summer Series of Months
SAMON Mat
Apr 16 - May 15, 2005
FQ Apr 16 (51)
DVMAN Anm
May 16 - Jun 13, 2005
FQ May 15 (44)
RIVROS Mat
Jun 14 - Jul 13, 2005
FQ Jun 14 (47)
ANAGAN Anm
Jul 14 - Aug 11, 2005
FQ Jul 14 (51)
OGRON Mat
Aug 12 - Sep 10, 2005
FQ Aug 12 (46)
CVTIOS Mat
Sep 11 - Oct 10, 2005
FQ Sep 11 (53)
II. Winter Series of Months
GIAMON Anm
Oct 11 - Nov 8, 2005
FQ Oct 10 (49)
SIMIVIS Mat
Nov 9 - Dec 8, 2005
FQ Nov 8 (46)
EQVOS Anm(29)
Dec 9 - Jan 6, 2006
FQ Dec 8 (54)
ELEMBIV Anm
Jan 7 - Feb 4, 2006
FQ Jan 6 (49)
EDRINI Mat
Feb 5 - Mar 6, 2006
FQ Feb 4 (44)
CANTLOS Anm
Mar 7 - Apr 4, 2006
FQ Mar 6 (49)
2011
Year Five of Cycle 2
I. Summer Series of Months
SAMON Mat
Apr 10 - May 9, 2011
FQ Apr 11 (52)
DVMAN Anm
May 10 - Jun 7, 2011
FQ May 10 (49)
RIVROS Mat
Jun 8 - Jul 7, 2011
FQ Jun 8 (46)
ANAGAN Anm
Jul 8 - Aug 5, 2011
FQ Jul 8 (55)
OGRON Mat
Aug 6 - Sep 4, 2011
FQ Aug 6 (53)
CVTIOS Mat
Sep 5 - Oct 4, 2011
FQ Sep 4 (50)
II. Winter Series of Months
GIAMON Anm
Oct 5 - Nov 2, 2011
FQ Oct 3 (46)
SIMIVIS Mat
Nov 3 - Dec 2, 2011
FQ Nov 2 (50)
EQVOS Anm29
Dec 3 - Dec 31, 2012
FQ Dec 2 (53)
ELEMBIV Anm
Jan 1 - Jan 29, 2012
FQ Jan 1 (54)
EDRINI Mat
Jan 30 - Feb 28, 2012
FQ Jan 31 (55)
CANTLOS Anm
Feb 29 - Mar 28, 2012
FQ Feb 29 (47)
2006
Year Five of Cycle 1
I. Summer Series of Months
SAMON Mat
Apr 5 - May 4, 2006
FQ Apr 5 (52)
DVMAN Anm
May 5 - Jun 2, 2006
FQ May 4 (44)
RIVROS Mat
Jun 3 - Jul 2, 2006
FQ Jun 3 (48)
ANAGAN Anm
Jul 3 - Jul 31, 2006
FQ Jul 3 (50)
OGRON Mat
Aug 1 - Aug 30, 2006
FQ Aug 2 (54)
CVTIOS Mat
Aug 31 - Sep 29, 2006
FQ Aug 31 (48)
II. Winter Series of Months
GIAMON Anm
Sep 30 - Oct 28, 2006
FQ Sep 30 (53)
SIMIVIS Mat
Oct 29 - Nov 27, 2006
FQ Oct 29 (48)
EQVOS Anm(29)
Nov 28 - Dec 26, 2006
FQ Nov 27 (44)
ELEMBIV Anm
Dec 27 - Jan 24, 2007
FQ Dec 27 (51)
EDRINI Mat
Jan 25 - Feb 23, 2007
FQ Jan 25 (47)
CANTLOS Anm
Feb 24 - Mar 24, 2007
FQ Feb 24 (54)
In his 'The Face of the Moon' written after the eclipse of AD75, Plutarch recorded a festival among the Celts every thirty-years when Cronus (Saturn) entered the sign of Taurus: this is the time of the Celtic 30 year Age, also recorded by Pliny the Elder, in his 'Natural History', written from AD52-79. Saturn's thirty-year cycle in the skies most recently brought it back to the constellation of Taurus in 2002, enabling us to discover the current cycle.
To mark this event, presented here are some images of this astronomical event.
Here is a wonderful photo of Saturn entering Taurus and in close proximity to Aldebaran taken on January 18, 2002 - two millennia after Plutarch recorded the thirty-year Celtic festival, we can look to the skies to see what our ancient Celtic forebears saw!
Saturn is the bright planet, top left, and Aldebaran is the bright star lower left, and the Pleiades cluster is to the right.
Harvard University Gazette in its April 18, 2002 issue also marked the event. There, an image is presented showing the evening sky in April 2002, setting soon after the sun. Later that year in June, the heliacal rise of the constellation Taurus saw the planets rising with Aldebaran and the Pleiades star cluster, shown in Cybersky screensot above: in ancient times, the heliacal rise of Aldebaran occurred in May, from which the Beltaine festival arose in post-Romanisation times.
[Credit and Copyright belong to Joe Orman: source: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020118.html]
The NASA website "Breathtaking Saturn", at: http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/13dec_saturn.htm reported:
December 13, 2002: Thirty years ago, Earth and Saturn had an extraordinary close encounter. The ringed planet was only 1.2 billion km from Earth--about as close as it can get--and its rings were tipped toward us. The view through a telescope was simply breathtaking. Next week it's going to happen again. "On Dec. 17th, Saturn and Earth will be unusually close together--about the same as thirty years ago," says NASA astronomer Mitzi Adams.
Above: Photographer Ed Grafton captured this image of Saturn from Houston, Texas, on Dec. 11, 2002. He used a 14-inch telescope and a CCD camera.
April 19, 2002 using the Gregorian Calendar of today, is the first day of Samon using the ancient Celtic calendar system. This date is therefore able to be identified as the beginning of a new Celtic thirty year Age.
© Caer Australis 2011: From Coogee in Sydney's eastern beaches NSW Australia
Celtic Calendar
Introduction A Maytime start The Month names The Insular system Samon AD58: an age AD433: Patrick's fire Southern Hemisphere The Ancient sourcesCeltic Year 2011
Year 5 of Five year cycle; 2011 has a close alignment of Easter and the trinox samoni